The
highlights of today’s Ramble were a handsome Black Ratsnake, a mysterious ball
at the end of a Christmas Fern frond and an uncommon plant, Yellow Star Grass.

Today’s route:

From
the Arbor down the Shade Garden walkway to the White Trail; White Trail across the
Power Line ROW into the woods to the Yellow Trail. Yellow Trail to the White
Trail to the Red Trail back to the White Trail and back to the Arbor.

Don Hunter’s
facebook album with all his photos from today’s Ramble.

Today’s
reading was by Dale from: An Almanac for
Moderns (entry for May 1) by Donald Culross Peattie:

· .. Thoreau has made New England springs
immortal, and a host of lesser writers have followed him; indeed, most of the
popular wildflower books emanate from the northeastern states where a rather
bleak flora has been better loved, sung, and made decipherable than that of the
richer lands to the south.

South of the Potomac spring comes on
with balm and sweetness, with a peculiarly Appalachian fragrance, commingled of
forests and mountains. It comes without treachery, without taking one step back . . . for every two steps forward. It sweeps up from
Florida, past the sea islands of Georgia, through Hall and Habersham, through Charleston
where the tea olive sheds its intense sweetness on the air, over the Carolinas, wakening the wild
jasmine in the woods, filling the Blue Ridge with azalea and many kinds of trillium and
the strange, earth-loving
wild ginger, till
it opens the bird–foot
violet,
and the
redbud and dogwood of the two Virginias.

The
high winds of yesterday’s storm knocked down many twigs and attached leaves and

Oak Apple Gall shell cut away

Wasp grub at the center of the gall

flowers of trees. Emily and I were here and gathered up many of the Oak Apple
Galls that had fallen. We found several dozen right at the entrance to the
parking lot and passed these out for examination. Don’s photographs clearly
show the interior of one of the galls with the tissue that encloses the wasp
larva suspended in the center of the gall. This places it out of the reach of many
insect parasitoids that might attempt to lay their eggs on or in the larva.
This gall is probably caused by a tiny gall wasp in the family Cynipidae: Amphibolips quercusinanis. Cynipid wasps
were studied by the famous Alfred Kinsey (famous for the Kinsey Report on Human
Sexual Behavior) who worked on the gall wasps before turning his attention to
humans.

On
the walkway through the Shade Garden we stopped to look at the Witch Hazel Cone
Galls, caused by an aphid that feeds on the plant from inside the gall.

Just
before the White Trail crosses the Power line ROW there is an American
Sycamore.

Female inflorescense

We stopped to notice the smooth, camouflage-like bark and to look at
twig that had been blown down by yesterday’s winds. On the twig was an
inflorescense of female flowers

The Power line ROW, because
it is in full sunlight, always has an abundance of flowers and today was no
disappointment. We saw Lyre Leaf Sage, Toadflax, Small’s Ragwort, and Beaked
Corn Salad. The Small’s Ragwort is similar in appearence to the Golden Ragwort
that we have seen blooming earlier in the Dunson Garden, but the basal leaves
are elongated and not rounded as in the Golden species.

Following the White Trail
into the woods we paid attention to several of the trees with distinctive bark
or leaves: Sourwood, with its wandering growth form and deeply ridged bark;
Musclewood, with its smooth and muscular or sinewy bark, and Southern Red Oak
with its bell-shaped leaves.

The eastern North American
Oaks are divided into two groups, the White Oaks and the Red/Black Oaks. The
species in the White Oak group have leaves with rounded lobes, while those in
the Black Oak group have pointed lobes. There are other differences between
these groups, but we did not discuss them today.

The wind knocked down
several twigs of Tuliptree with flowers still attached. Normally

Tuliptree flower

Fused pistils, styles visible

these flowers
are high overhead, so we took advantage of the storm and were able to closely
examine them The shape of the flower, like a tulip, gives the tree its common
name as well as it specific epithet: Liquidambar tulipifera. The tulipifera
portion of the name means “tulip bearing.” Each flower has many
stamens with their anthers that produce pollen. The central column is composed
of many female parts all fused together. These are hard to see individually,
but the styles (the structures that connect the stigma to the ovary) can be
seen as dark projections from the surface.

A tree with palmate compound
leaves, Painted Buckeye, still had a couple of light yellow flowers. Compound
leaves are made of two or more leaflets. When learning to identify trees by
their leaves many people have difficulty figuring out the difference between a
leaf and a leaflet. The leaf is the part that falls off the tree as a unit in
the fall. It is also the part that has a bud at its base, although the bud may
be difficult to see in some trees. Compound leaves are called palmately
compound when all the leaflets radiate out from a single point of attachment.
If the leaflets are arranged along the sides of a stem the leaf is described as
pinnately compound.

Along the way we found a single specimen of Solomon’s
Seal in bloom and some fresh, green Resurrection Fern growing at the base of a
tree. Later on we found Pussy Toes, Blue Eyed Grass
and Rattlesnake Hawkweed all blooming.

Someone
discovered a “Fern ball” made by a mystery organism. Whatever
creature

The mysterious fern ball

made it had carefully rolled the end of a Christmas fern frond into a
ball, folding the pinules so that they overlapped and holding them in place with
silk. The silk was a hint. Of the animals that produce silk only two kinds are
likely to have tied up this ball: a caterpillar (moth or butterfly) or a
spider. We carefully pulled open the “ball” and discovered a mass of
caterpillar frass (poop), but no caterpillar. So the mystery is partially
solved. Check
here for more details.

The
exciting animal of the day was a moderate size Black Ratsnake. All Ratsnakes
have

Black Ratsnake

a blotched pattern when they are young. As they mature the lighter gray
areas between the blotches becomes darker, as on the individual we saw today.
But in many Ratsnakes found in this part of Georgia the blotched pattern often
remains failntly visible on old snakes, whereas in other parts of the country
older snakes become uniformly black.

Continuing on we found Wild Geranium, Perfoliate Bellwort, Wild Yams, Little Brown Jugs,
Green and Gold, and Needle grass all in bloom.

Emily
noticed a spittlebug enclosed in a frothy mass on the stem of a plant and told
us about how the froth protects the nymphal stage of a leafhopper while it is
sucking juice from the plant.

We
also found a group of Rattlesnake Ferns w/ith fertile fronds.

Yellow Star Grass

Passing
through the Deer fence we turned left to the Power line ROW and walked downhill
looking the Yellow Star Grass. Along the way we took note of Blackberries,
Indian Strawberry and Common Yellow Wood Sorrel before finally locating the
Yellow Star Grass blooming among a group of Green-and-Gold plants. Yellow Star Grass is not a grass — it is in the Lily family.

We then rushed back to the visitor’s center, only to
discover it was closed today. Some of us drove over to Donderos’ in-town
location and had lunch.

SUMMARY OF OBSERVED
SPECIES AND OBSERVATIONS:

Common Name	Scientific Name	Comment
At the Arbor
Oak apple with grub
Witch Hazel galls in Shade Garden
White Trail, Power Line ROW
American Sycamore	Platanus occidentalis
Lyre Leaf Sage	Salvia lyrata
Toadflax	Nuttallanthus canadensis
Small’s Ragwort	Packera anonyma
Beaked Corn Salad	Valerianella radiata
White Trail, in woods
Southern Red Oak	Quercus falcata
Sourwood	Oxydendron aboreum
Musclewood	Carpinusvirginiana
Northern Red Oak	Quercus rubra
Tulip Tree	Liriodendron tulipifera
Solomon’s Seal	Polygonatum biflorum
Painted Buckeye	Aesculus sylvatica
Resurrection Fern	Pleopeltis polypodioides
Pussy Toes	Antennaria plantaginifolia
Blue Eyed Grass	Sisyrinchium sp.
Fern ball
Rattlesnake Hawkweed	Hieraciumvenosum
Wild Geranium	Geranium maculatum
Perfoliate Bellwort	Uvularia perfoliata
Spittlebug Discussion
Wild Yams	Dioscorea villosa
Little Brown Jugs	Hexastylis arifolia
White Trail, Power Line ROW
Needle grass
Green and Gold	Chrysogonum virginianum
Blackberry	Rubus sp.
White Trail, back in woods
Indian Strawberry	Potentilla indica
Common Yellow Wood Sorrel	Oxalis stricta
Eastern Ratsnake	Pantherophis obsoletus
Rattlesnake Fern w/fertile frond	Botrypus virginianus	Fertile frond
Yellow Star Grass	Hypoxis hirsuta