We had a near record of 30 ramblers who appeared today to
enjoy the mild temperature and overcast sky

.

Here
is the link to Don Hunter’s album of photos from today’s ramble.

Notice of interest to
ramblers:

Dan Williams will offer his free
Tree Identification course again this year. The sessions begin on Tuesday, October 7 at 5:00 pm.
at the Oconee Forest Park boardwalk parking lot (same place as last year), and
will continue through November. (Oconee Forest Park is located behind the UGA
intramural fields and tennis courts on the south side of College Station Rd.
Just drive past the parking deck and turn left immediately past the tennis
courts.)

Today’s readings:

First up was Sandra with an excerpt
from the essay Useless Creatures by
Richard Conniff. You can read the full essay here
on the NY Times Opinonator blog. Sandra read the last few paragraphs, but the
entire essay is short and worthwhile reading.

Second was Kittie, with an excerpt
from Aldo Starker Leopold’s Marshland
Elegy, in Sand County Almanac and Sketches
Here and There, p. 96.)

Our ability to perceive quality in nature begins as in art — with the
pretty. It expands through successive stages of the beautiful to values, as yet
uncaptured by language.

Next, Tim Homan treated us to an
interesting fact about Sugar Maples from his book: Hiking Trails of the Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock and Citico Creek
Wildernesses, p. 152:

It is not the slightest bit anthropomorphic to say that the sugar maple
is a chemically sentient being. This tree has evolved a strategy to cope with
the problem of monoculture — the monoculture of like-tasting leaves. It
employs the same strategy that many agricultural experts advise farmers to use:
diversification. When insects attack, the sugar maple creates diversity by
varying the chemistry, and thus, the palatability of its leaves. This chemical
maneuver forces the insects to move in search of good forage, which may become
undesirable shortly after they arrive. The defense system is both internal and
external. When attacked, these trees get on the horn and send airborne chemical
signals to neighboring maples, thereby triggering their defense systems.

Last, but certainly not least was
Bob Ambrose, who recited from memory his poem Between Birdsong and Boulder. You can find the text of this
beautiful poem here,
and you should definitely read it if you were not on the ramble today (and even
if you were)! All of Bob’s poetry can be found at this link, in case you want
to sample his other work.

Today’s route: We
headed over to the power line and then went up the hill to the dogwood trees,
then turned around and went down to the river and right a short distance to the
foot bridge on the White trail. We returned on the Orange spur trail.

I brought my butterfly net, hoping that the sun would break
through the overcast, but it was not to be. Butterflies love sunny days, but it
remained overcast all during our ramble. Nonetheless, we came across a lot of
interesting things. With so many ramblers we stretched out over a considerable
distance. As a result there were probably several things seen by some, but not
all, ramblers, including your leader. 

Power Line ROW (above
service road):

A lot of the plants we have seen over the last two weeks are
still blooming, but some are on their last legs. Here are the plants we saw
today:

Golden Aster, Rabbit tobacco, Yellow
Crownbeard, Wingstem, Hog Peanut, Mountain Mint (hardly any flowering), Purple
top grass, Silver Plume grass, (just starting to flower), Wingstem, Slender
ladies tresses, Bitterweed (on its last legs), Common mullein (mostly
non-flowering first year rosettes), White crownbeard, Slender gerardia, Yellow
star grass and Carolina desert chicory.

Crab spider on Golden Aster

Don was taking photographs of the
flowers and noticed a Crab spider on one of the blossoms. These spiders do not
spin a web to catch prey, instead they hang out on a blossom, waiting for a
hapless bee or fly to come by for a sip of nectar. Then bang! They grab the
unlucky bug, bite it, injecting their venom which paralyzes the prey almost
immediately. They can subdue insects that many times their own size with their
quick-acting venom. Then they suck them dry.

Wolf spider

Don also located a Spittlebug and
someone else spotted a medium size Wolf spider in the leaf litter. Wolf spiders,
like Crab spiders, do not build webs to capture their prey, but, unlike crab
spiders, they are not sit-and-wait predators. Instead the actively roam the
ground and when they spot a possible prey item they chase it down and subdue it
with a venomous bite. Just like their namesake, only with the addition of
venom.

Eastern tailed Blue

One of the few butterflies we saw
today was an Eastern tailed blue, a small butterfly, about the size of a
fingernail. The upper surface of the wings is sky blue in the males, but our
specimen kept its wings closed so we only saw the underside of the wings. The
hind wing has an orange spot near the back border of the wing. Nearby there are
two little hair-like projections, the tails. The tails are very delicate and
our specimen only had one left. The spot, together with the tails resembles an
eye plus antennae and are thought to attract the attention of a predator away
from the other end of the butterfly, where the real eyes and antennae are.
Sometimes you find individuals with an eyespot missing; in its place is a
wedge-shaped space — just what you’d expect if a bird pecked at the eyespot
and came away with a mouthful of wing. The group of butterflies called the Blues were the favorite objects of study by Vladimir Nabokov, better known for his novels.

Praying Mantis gripping my finger — Ouch!

As we turned around and headed
back down the hill someone found a large female Chinese praying mantis. The
“praying” is the appearance the insect gives when it is stalking

Mantis head; notice the compound eyes

another insect. Its raptorial forelimbs are held folded up against its body and
resemble the posture of a devout person in the act of praying. But the mantis
is preying. When it gets within striking distance the forelimbs shoot forward
and grab the luckless bug it has been stalking. The closeup of the mantis head shows some of the thousands of visual units that make up the compound eyes of insects. They are visible as tiny hexagons on the surface. Each hexagon is single “eye” or photoreceptor unit with its own lens. The insect eye is composed of hundreds to thousands of such units all grouped together.

Power Line ROW (below
service road, to river)

Coffee weed (AKA SIcklepod), Climbing
hempweed, Late-flowering boneset, Camphorweed, American pokeweed, Small red
morning glory, Leafy Elephants foot, Daisy fleabane, Mild Water Pepper, Pennsylvania
smartweed, Tall ironweed, Tall goldenrod, Small white morning glory, all three Wingstems  and Climbing
buckwheat 

Yellow striped Oakworm caterpillar

As we crossed the access road we
stopped to pick up a Yellow striped oakworm caterpillar. When these
caterpillars reach the size at which they pupate they leave their host plant
(an Oak) and wander about, searching for a suitable place to pupate. They are
frequently seen crossing roads or sidewalks this time of year, as the one we
saw today was doing. When they find a suitable location they dig into the
ground and pupate there. The moth emerges the following year.

White Trail Along
River (upstream of power line ROW):

Cotton morningglory

The real find today was a species
of plant never previously recorded from Clarke County: a Tie-vine or Cotton morning
glory.

Cotton morningglory leaves

Also seen in this area were Bur
cucumber, Pink wild bean, Virginia Buttonweed, and Southern wild senna.

Bur cucumber vine

We also managed to capture an Ocola
skipper, one of the many brownish skippers with few identifying marks. How do
you distinguish a skipper from a butterfly? Look carefully at the antennae.
They will be clubbed plus there will be a small hook at the very end of the
club. More generally, skippers are very stocky, compared to butterflies and their
wings are proportionally smaller.

We saw two kinds of
day-flying moths. One was quite abundant on the Late-flowering

Ailanthus webworm moth

Boneset — the
Ailanthus Webworm moth. We’ve seen this colorful moth the two previous weeks
but they were super abundant today. The moth is named for the host plant on which its caterpillar feeds, the Ailanthus tree. You may not be familiar with this tree as it is not very common in our area. It is an introduced
species (Ailanthus altissima); the common
name is Tree of Heaven or Tree of Paradise. It thrives in urban areas and is very
fast growing, but can be invasive in some parts of the country. Those of you of
a certain age may have heard of the novel, A
Tree Grows in Brooklyn; the Ailanthus was that tree.

The other day-flying moth species I have seen before but
never identified. Like the Ailanthus

Day-flying moth species; family Noctuidae

Webworm moth it is a day-flyer. Most moths fly only at night, but several species are active
during the day. But not every moth that flies during the day is a day-flying species. Nocturnal moths hide during the day time but will fly if
disturbed. These are not true day-flyers. You will usually see a true day-flying moth seeking nectar from flowers; the others are just flying to a new hiding place.

How do you tell if you’re looking at a moth, butterfly or skipper? The most reliable feature is the antennae. If they are simply clubbed, with no hook at the end it’s a butterfly. If the antennae are clubbed with a hook it’s a skipper. If there is no club it’s a moth.

With that we all returned to the parking lot and a fortunate
few enjoyed conversation at Donderos’ in the visitor center.

SUMMARY OF OBSERVED SPECIES:

Common Name	Scientific Name
Golden Aster	Heterotheca latifolia
Crab Spider	Family Thomisidae
Rabbit tobacco	Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium
Yellow Crownbeard	Vebesina occidentalis
Hog Peanut	Amphicarpea bracteata
Mountain Mint	Pycnanthemum incanum
Purple top grass	Tridens flavus
Silver Plume grass	Saccharum alopecuroides
Wingstem	Verbesina alternifolia
Slender ladie’s tresses	Spiranthes gracilis
Bitterweed	Helenium amarum
Spittlebug	Superfamily Cercopoidea
Wolf spider	Family Lycosidae
Common mullein	Verbascum thapsus
White crownbeard	Verbesina virginica
Eastern tailed blue	Cupido comyntas
Slender gerardia	Agalinis tenufolia
Yellow star grass	Hypoxis hirsuta
Carolina desert chicory	Pyrrhopappus carolinianus
Chinese praying mantis	Tenodera sinensis
Cofffee weed/SIcklepod	Senna obtusifolia
Yellowstriped oakworm	Anisota peigleri
Climbing hempvine	Mikania scandens
Late-flowering boneset	Eupatorium serotinum
Camphorweed	Pluchea camphorata
American pokeweed	Phytolacca americana
Small red morning glory	Ipomoea coccinea
Leafy Elephants foot	Elephantopus carolinianus
Daisy fleabane	Erigeron annuus
Mild Water Pepper	Polygonum hydropiperoides
Pennsylvania smartweed	Polygonum pensylvanicum
Tall ironweed	Vernonia gigantea
Tall goldenrod	Solidago altissima
Small white morning glory	Ipomoea lacunosa
Climbing buckwheat	Fallopia scandens
Bur cucumber	Sicyos angulatus
Tie vine or Cotton morning glory	Ipomoea cordatotriloba
Silver spotted skipper	Epargyreus clarus
Unidentified moth	Family Noctuidae?
Pink wild bean	Strophostyles umbellata
Virginia Buttonweed	Diodia virginiana
Southern wild senna	Senna marilandica